Headlines like “Anyone taking ibuprofen, naproxen or aspirin issued warning over serious side effects” are often based on real safety information, but they can sound more alarming than the underlying advice.
The medications mentioned—Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Aspirin—belong to a group called NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), although aspirin has some unique uses.
Serious side effects that can occur
1. Stomach ulcers and bleeding
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding, especially:
- In older adults
- With higher doses
- With long-term use
- When combined with blood thinners
2. Increased bleeding risk
Aspirin in particular reduces blood clotting, which can increase bleeding risk.
3. Kidney problems
NSAIDs can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, particularly in people who:
- Have kidney disease
- Are dehydrated
- Have heart failure
- Take certain other medications
4. Heart and circulation risks
Some NSAIDs may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use.
5. Allergic reactions
Some people experience:
- Rash
- Swelling
- Breathing difficulties
- Asthma worsening
Seek urgent medical attention if you have
- Black, tarry stools
- Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
- Severe allergic symptoms
- Chest pain
- Signs of a stroke (such as sudden weakness, facial drooping, or speech difficulties)
How to reduce risk
- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary time.
- Follow the directions on the label or from your healthcare professional.
- Avoid taking multiple NSAIDs together unless specifically instructed.
- Tell your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you take.
Important note about aspirin
Some people take low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke. Do not start or stop aspirin therapy without consulting your healthcare professional, as the benefits and risks vary from person to person.
For most healthy people using these medicines occasionally and as directed, serious side effects are uncommon, but it’s important to be aware of the risks—especially with frequent or long-term use.
