A vagina doesn’t need to smell “like nothing”—a mild natural odor is normal and can vary throughout the menstrual cycle. However, a strong or unusual odor, especially if it comes with other symptoms, can indicate an underlying issue.
Here are four common reasons:
- Bacterial vaginosis
This is one of the most common causes of a strong “fishy” odor. It happens when the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina changes. You may also notice a thin gray or white discharge. - Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection can cause a foul-smelling discharge, itching, irritation, and discomfort during urination or sex. - Sweat, poor ventilation, or hygiene
The vulva (the external genital area) has sweat glands. After exercise, in hot weather, or when wearing tight clothing, sweat and bacteria can produce a stronger odor. Washing the external area gently with water and wearing breathable cotton underwear can help. - A forgotten tampon or other retained object
A tampon left in the vagina for too long can cause a very strong, unpleasant odor and abnormal discharge. It should be removed promptly, and medical care is needed if you can’t remove it or develop fever or severe pain.
Other possible causes include hormonal changes, menstruation, or less commonly, other infections.
You should see a healthcare professional if the odor is:
- Very strong or suddenly different from normal.
- Accompanied by itching, burning, pain, sores, fever, or pelvic pain.
- Associated with green, yellow, gray, or bloody discharge (outside of your period).
Avoid douching or using scented vaginal products, as these can disrupt the vagina’s natural balance and make problems worse. If you’re concerned about a persistent odor, a healthcare professional can determine the cause and recommend the appropriate treatment.
