That headline is misleading. There are no medications that are proven to directly “cause” dementia in most people. However, some medications can affect memory, thinking, or confusion—especially in older adults—and long-term use of certain drugs has been associated with a higher risk of dementia in some studies. An association does not prove that the medication causes dementia.
Examples of medications that may impair thinking or memory include:
- Diphenhydramine and other medications with strong anticholinergic effects.
- Diazepam and other benzodiazepines (used for anxiety or insomnia).
- Oxybutynin for overactive bladder.
- Certain tricyclic antidepressants, such as Amitriptyline.
- Some opioid pain medications.
- Some older antipsychotic medications.
- Certain anti-seizure medications.
- Muscle relaxants with sedating effects.
These medications may increase the risk of confusion, falls, or temporary memory problems, particularly in older adults. Whether they increase the long-term risk of dementia is still being studied, and the evidence varies by medication.
Do not stop any prescribed medication on your own. If you or a family member is concerned about memory problems, talk with the prescribing healthcare professional. They can review the medication list and determine whether safer alternatives or dose adjustments are appropriate.
